基于用户相对权重的在线社交网络舆情传播控制模型

在线社交网络(online social networks,OSN)中舆情传播干预时机的选择对网络舆情的管控具有重要意义.通过分析用户的网络地位、社会强化效应与用户感知价值等影响网络舆情传播控制的关键因素,以研究舆情管控的合理干预时机为目的,构建了基于用户相对权重的网络舆情传播控制模型.基于该模型,针对两类OSN开展仿真研究.研究发现,网络舆情传播与信息初始传播源的网络地位密切相关;在开放式OSN中,存在与干预时机选择关系密切的关键相变点;用户活跃度随社会强化效应强度的增大而下降,随干预时机的提前而降低,并存在有效干预时机区间;"悖民意"成本是干预时机选择的重要衡量指标.并据此,提出了相应现实干预时机选择的对策建议.     

增扩诚信内在需求之研究

诚信内在需求不足是导致诚信缺失的一个重要原因,解决诚信缺失的思路之一在于增扩诚信内在需求,激发诚信内在动力,这既有必要性又有可能性。为此,必须提升诚信价值、健全诚信内在需求导向机制和激励机制。     

君子小人考

君子和小人是中国传统文化中以道德区分好人和坏人的一般标准。笔者通过分析古籍,认为君子和小人的区分,还有除道德层面以外的社会地位、称谓、夫妻关系和智愚等方面的外延。     

基于效用最大化的PPP项目社会资本社会风险决策行为研究

本文基于期望效用理论构建了社会资本在面临PPP项目社会风险决策时的数学模型.文章将其决策行为分为正向行为和负向行为.通过计算分析得出社会资本的社会风险决策共存在四种情形,并且归纳出在完全由社会资本承担社会风险损失的情况下其必然会选择负向行为.对此,文章提出了四种情形下相应的补偿机制,通过该机制可确保社会资本采取正向行为,提升PPP项目社会效益.并进一步分析了折现率与PPP合同期长短分别对社会风险决策行为的不同影响.研究最终表明社会资本对长短期利益的重视程度是正负向决策行为选择的关键因素,"伙伴关系"与"风险合理分担"是促进正向行为选择的有效路径.     

社会责任影响下研发创新与医药供应链协调决策

基于医药制造商和医疗机构同时关注消费者剩余视角，把研发创新和医保支付作为影响消费者效用的内生因素，刻画不同决策模型中社会责任对均衡结果的影响。研究表明：无论是医药供应链整体，还是医药制造商单独关注社会责任，都有利于提升研发创新能力；在非合作决策下，医药制造商积极履行社会责任可以有效地控制药品批发和零售价格，增加利益相关者的收益，提升消费者剩余价值，但是会削弱自身盈利能力。然而，在供应链整体社会责任增强时，医药制造商分担的社会责任程度在阈值内增加则有利于医药制造商实现价值的增值；“政府补贴+协同创新+集采低价”组合契约协调策略优化了医药供应链，能有效激发研发创新的动力，增加整体社会福利。     

Nest architecture in polydomous grass-cutting ants (Acromyrmex balzani)

Acromyrmex balzani is a grass-cutting ant species frequently found in Cerrado areas. However, little is known about the architecture of the polydomous nests of this ant. Fifteen A. balzani nests located in a cerrado region in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. The polydomous nests were studied in three ways. First, we investigated the architecture in nests moulded with cement and without moulding. Second, we performed an aggressiveness test among workers in different subnests and nests. Third, we excavated the nest and collected the colony to measure the population, verifying the existence or not of a queen in all nests. A cement mould was made of seven nests to permit better visualization of internal structures such as chambers and tunnels. Eight nests were excavated without moulding and white neutral talc was used to highlight the parts of the nests. After excavation, the depth and dimensions (length, width and height) of the chambers were measured. The results showed that the nests had a single entrance hole whose structure consisted of straw and other plant residues in winter. Mounds of loose soil, if present, were found 6–48 cm from the hole. The number of chambers containing fungus ranged from one to five, with the first being found a few centimetres beneath the ground surface (4 cm) and the last up to a maximum depth of 160 cm. The length of the tunnels ranged from 12 to 28 cm. These tunnels were built in a vertical or inclined position, leading to the chambers. No waste chambers were found, with the waste being deposited externally. Additionally, the polydomous nests contained one to eight subnests. In the aggressiveness test, when concolonial workers were confronted, no aggressiveness was observed. In contrast, when allocolonial workers were confronted, there was a high incidence of aggression among them. Excavation of polydomous nests showed only one queen for each polydomous nest, i.e. subnests with a single queen. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the so far unknown nest architecture of the polydomous grass-cutting ant A. balzani.     

基于多主体建模的社会化养老形成分析

在国家大力推进社会化养老服务体系不断发展的背景下,研究了社会化养老的形成.根据效用最大化原则,利用多主体建模方法,构建了一个包含政府、养老机构、家庭三大类主体的社会化养老仿真模型,模拟了社会化养老行为这一宏观社会经济现象的形成.仿真结果表明:就业率和工资水平对社会化养老的形成有显著影响;政府补贴对社会化养老有效需求的产生影响不显著,而对服务供给产生较大影响;而老年人的财富水平、对父母的关爱水平、对下一代资金投入和对下一代关爱水平对社会化养老的形成影响不显著.     

Observations on the behaviour of the Cape girdled lizard Cordylus cordylus (Reptilia: Cordylidae)

Cape girdled lizards Cordylus cordylus are social and territorial. Behaviour observed in captivity revealed at least 24 distinct postures and displays. Thermoregulatory behaviour was the most frequent of all behaviours observed (66·7%). Of the social behaviours, aggression was observed most frequently (72·1%). Six behavioural postures are not known to have been described before. This species has no bright colours or contrasting markings to use in displays to conspecifics.     

理工科学生英语学习策略分析与实践探析

通过对理工科学生的英语学习策略的调查,得出以下结论：（1）理工科学生英语学习策略的使用情况总体不令人满意;（2）认知策略较之元认知策略和社交/情感策略被更多使用;（3）男生和女生使用英语学习策略有差异;（4）高分者与低分者在策略使用上存在差异.并据此提出教学建议.     

兰州文理学院社会体育专业培养方案改革探析

基于对兰州文理学院社会体育专业培养方案的分析结果,探讨了社会体育专业根据社会需求和就业导向合理设置课程的必要性,以及培养学生具有较高专业素质和熟练专业技能的教学改革措施。研究结果表明,社会体育专业学生的培养应紧密结合社会需求和学校办学定位,以培养技能型和实际应用型人才为导向,并进一步加强特色课程建设。基于研究结果和结合具体教学实践,提出了提升社会体育专业学生综合素质和能力的教学改革思路与建议。